So the buttons are there for me. Unfortunately, they were white text on white background. It has nothing to do with the resolution but more to do with the theme you are choosing. To solve this you need to set the right text color in your dialog theme.
For example, in styles.xml add
<style name="MyDialogTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.Dialog.Alert">
<item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimaryDarkBlue</item>
</style>
and in your activity add
AlertDialog.Builder dialogBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MyActivity.this, R.style.MyDialogTheme);
Hope this helps.