Found the solution on my own. Maybe this helps other Mac users…
In fact mysqldump ships with MAMP but is located somewhere in the desert:
/Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/mysqldump
That´s why tools like MySQL workbench do not find it, neither does it work in terminal without the path. So finally just type:
/Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/mysqldump -u yourUser -p --opt yourdb > yourdump.sql
to create a dump.