The novalidate attribute is added by jquery.validate line 32:
// Add novalidate tag if HTML5.
this.attr('novalidate', 'novalidate');
If you are using HTML5, then remove the attribute:
$("#contactForm").validate();
$("#contactForm").removeAttr("novalidate");
In your web.config, make sure you have:
<appSettings>
...
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
</appSettings>
Also make sure they are not commented out.