Where can I find a list of the Flask SQLAlchemy Column types and options?

I think you’re looking for the Column and Data Types page in the documentation.
A little HTML parsing gives:

• ARRAY
• BIGINT
• BINARY
• BLOB
• BOOLEAN
• BigInteger
• Boolean
• CHAR
• CLOB
• Concatenable
• DATE
• DATETIME
• DECIMAL
• Date
• DateTime
• Enum
• FLOAT
• Float
• INT
• INTEGER
• Integer
• Interval
• LargeBinary
• MatchType
• NCHAR
• NVARCHAR
• Numeric
• PickleType
• REAL
• SMALLINT
• SchemaType
• SmallInteger
• String
• TEXT
• TIME
• TIMESTAMP
• Text
• Time
• TypeDecorator
• TypeEnginBases
• TypeEngine
• Unicode
• VARBINARY
• VARCHAR