What’s the advantage of multimap over map of vectors?

I would say it depends on whether all the values with same key have a relationship that you want to address.

So for example, do you often go through all elements with key X, or pass them to a function, and so on? Then it is more convenient to already have them in their separate container, that you can address directly.

However, if you just have a collection of items, that may share same key value, or not, why use vectors in between? It is more convenient to run through the multimap with iterators than have a nested for-loop for the map, vector case.

Another way of looking at this: If multiple entries per key is very common, your structure is more efficient in the map, vector case. If they seldomly happen, it is the opposite.

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