What is the difference between “event loop queue” and “job queue”?

Why “1” is after “b”?

The promise specification states that all promise .then() handlers must be called asynchronously after the call stack has emptied. Thus, both a and b, which are executed synchronously on the call stack will execute before any .then() handlers so 1 will always be after a and b.

Some interesting reading:

1. Tasks, microtasks, queues and schedules.
2. What is the order of execution in JavaScript promises?
3. Writing a JavaScript framework – Execution timing, beyond setTimeout.

There’s some good advice here in the thread “Promises wiggle their way between nextTick and setImmediate“:

I would not recommend relying on the exact execution order of non-chained events. If you want to control the execution order – rearrange the callbacks in a way so that the one that you want to be executed later depends on the one that you want to be executed earlier, or implement a queue (that does the same behind the hood).

In other words, if you depend upon a particular ordering of asynchronous events, then you should actually chain them rather than relying on unspecified scheduling in the implementation.