The key to good performance with Java is to write idiomatic code, rather than trying to outwit the JIT compiler. If you write your code to try to influence it to do things in a certain way at the native instruction level, you are more likely to shoot yourself in the foot.
That isn’t to say that common principles like locality of reference don’t matter. They do, but I would consider the use of arrays and such to be performance-aware, idiomatic code, but not “tricky.”
HotSpot and other optimizing runtimes are extremely clever about how they optimize code for specific processors. (For an example, check out this discussion.) If I were an expert machine language programmer, I’d write machine language, not Java. And if I’m not, it would be unwise to think that I could do a better job of optimizing my code than the experts.
Also, even if you do know the best way to implement something for a particular CPU, the beauty of Java is write-once-run-anywhere. Clever tricks to “optimize” Java code tend to make optimization opportunities harder for the JIT to recognize. Straight-forward code that adheres to common idioms is easier for an optimizer to recognize. So even when you get the best Java code for your testbed, that code might perform horribly on a different architecture, or at best, fail to take advantages of enhancements in future JITs.
If you want good performance, keep it simple. Teams of really smart people are working to make it fast.