What happens to you if you break the monad laws?

The monad laws are simply additional rules that instances are expected to follow, beyond what can be expressed in the type system. Insofar as Monad expresses a programming pattern, the laws are part of that pattern. Such laws apply to other type classes as well: Monoid has very similar rules to Monad, and it’s generally … Read more

When to use the terms “delimiter,” “terminator,” and “separator”

A delimiter denotes the limits of something, where it starts and where it ends. For example: “this is a string” has two delimiters, both of which happen to be the double-quote character. The delimiters indicate what’s part of the thing, and what is not. A separator distinguishes two things in a sequence: one, two 1\t2 … Read more

What does the word “semantic” mean in Computer Science context?

Semantics are the meaning of various elements in the program (or whatever). For example, let’s look at this code: int width, numberOfChildren; Both of these variables are integers. From the compiler’s point of view, they are exactly the same. However, judging by the names, one is the width of something, while the other is a … Read more

Is “map” a loop?

map is a higher level concept than loops, borrowed from functional programming. It doesn’t say “call this function on each of these items, one by one, from beginning to end,” it says “call this function on all of these items.” It might be implemented as a loop, but that’s not the point — it also … Read more

Frameworks vs. SDKs

I’ll just copy from Wikipedia: Library: A library is a collection of subroutines or classes used to develop software. Libraries contain code and data that provide services to independent programs. This allows code and data to be shared and changed in a modular fashion. Framework: A software framework, in computer programming, is an abstraction in … Read more

Reference Guide: What does this symbol mean in PHP? (PHP Syntax)

Incrementing / Decrementing Operators ++ increment operator — decrement operator Example Name Effect ——————————————————————— ++$a Pre-increment Increments $a by one, then returns $a. $a++ Post-increment Returns $a, then increments $a by one. –$a Pre-decrement Decrements $a by one, then returns $a. $a– Post-decrement Returns $a, then decrements $a by one. These can go before or … Read more

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