get(key[, default]): return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default. If default is not given, it defaults to None, so that this method never raises a KeyError. d = {‘a’ :1, ‘c’ :2} print(d.get(‘b’, 0)) # return 0 print(d.get(‘c’, 0)) # return 2 pop(key[, default]) if key is in the … Read more
Update: coming in Python 3.10, there’s a new dataclasses.KW_ONLY sentinel that works like this: @dataclasses.dataclass class Example: a: int b: int _: dataclasses.KW_ONLY c: int d: int Any fields after the KW_ONLY pseudo-field are keyword-only. There’s also a kw_only parameter to the dataclasses.dataclass decorator, which makes all fields keyword-only: @dataclasses.dataclass(kw_only=True) class Example: a: int b: … Read more
There is no such mechanism. There is a proposal, PEP-448, whereby Python 3.5 and following generalize argument unpacking. Python 3.4 and previous don’t support it. Best you can do in general: def smoothy(x,y, kind=’cubic’, order = 3, kwargs_for_scatter={}, kwargs_for_plot={}): yn_cor = interp1d(x, y, kind=kind, assume_sorted = False) xn = np.linspace(np.min(x), np.max(x), len(x) * order) plt.scatter(x,y, … Read more
You can set the fontsize directly in the call to set_xticklabels and set_yticklabels (as noted in previous answers). This will only affect one Axes at a time. ax.set_xticklabels(x_ticks, rotation=0, fontsize=8) ax.set_yticklabels(y_ticks, rotation=0, fontsize=8) Note this method should only be used if you are fixing the positions of the ticks first (e.g. using ax.set_xticks). If you … Read more
You can do that in Python 3. def func(a,b,*args,kw1=None,**kwargs): The bare * is only used when you want to specify keyword only arguments without accepting a variable number of positional arguments with *args. You don’t use two *s. To quote from the grammar, in Python 2, you have parameter_list ::= (defparameter “,”)* ( “*” identifier … Read more
t = threading.Thread(target=f, kwargs={‘x’: 1,’y’: 2}) this will pass a dictionary with the keyword arguments’ names as keys and argument values as values in the dictionary. the other answer above won’t work, because the “x” and “y” are undefined in that scope. another example, this time with multiprocessing, passing both positional and keyword arguments: the … Read more
You may want to accept nearly-arbitrary named arguments for a series of reasons — and that’s what the **kw form lets you do. The most common reason is to pass the arguments right on to some other function you’re wrapping (decorators are one case of this, but FAR from the only one!) — in this … Read more
Yes. You do it like this: def method(**kwargs): print kwargs keywords = {‘keyword1’: ‘foo’, ‘keyword2’: ‘bar’} method(keyword1=’foo’, keyword2=’bar’) method(**keywords) Running this in Python confirms these produce identical results: {‘keyword2’: ‘bar’, ‘keyword1’: ‘foo’} {‘keyword2’: ‘bar’, ‘keyword1’: ‘foo’}
You want if ‘errormessage’ in kwargs: print(“found it”) To get the value of errormessage if ‘errormessage’ in kwargs: print(“errormessage equals ” + kwargs.get(“errormessage”)) In this way, kwargs is just another dict. Your first example, if kwargs[‘errormessage’], means “get the value associated with the key “errormessage” in kwargs, and then check its bool value”. So if … Read more
Use the double-star (aka double-splat?) operator: func(**{‘type’:’Event’}) is equivalent to func(type=”Event”)