Why don’t include guards make a circular #include work?

The preprocessor is a program that takes your program, makes some changes (for example include files (#include), macro expansion (#define), and basically everything that starts with #) and gives the “clean” result to the compiler. The preprocessor works like this when it sees #include: When you write: #include “some_file” The contents of some_file almost literally … Read more

Resolving circular dependencies by linking the same library twice?

The problem with g++ -o myApp -lfoo -lbar -lfoo is that there is no guarantee, that two passes over libfoo and one pass over libbar are enough. The approach with Wl,–start-group … -Wl,–end-group is better, because more robust. Consider the following scenario (all symbols are in different object-files): myApp needs symbol fooA defined in libfoo. … Read more

Circular References Cause Memory Leak?

Great question! No, Both forms will be (can be) GC’d because the GC does not directly look for references in other references. It only looks for what are called “Root” references … This includes reference variables on the stack, (Variable is on the stack, actual object is of course on the heap), references variables in … Read more

Resolve circular typedef dependency?

The answer lies in the difference between declaration and definition. You are attempting to declare and define in the same step (in the case of a new type via typedef). You need to break these up into different steps so the compiler knows what you are talking about in advance. typedef struct Person Person; typedef … Read more

Are circular references acceptable in database?

Consider cities and states. Each city exists within a state. Each state has a capital city. CREATE TABLE city ( city VARCHAR(32), state VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (city), FOREIGN KEY (state) REFERENCES state (state) ); CREATE TABLE state ( state VARCHAR(32), capital_city VARCHAR(32), PRIMARY KEY (state), FOREIGN KEY (capital_city) REFERENCES city (city) ); First … Read more

Circular dependency in Django Rest Framework serializers

In my opinion your code is fine, because you do not have a logic circular dependency. Your ImportError is only raised because of the way import() evaluates top level statements of the entire file when called. However, nothing is impossible in python… There is a way around it if you positively want your imports on … Read more

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