In order to create a window you’ll need to interface with whatever windowing system is currently present on your operating system. This will either require system calls if the window manager runs in kernel space (as is the case in Windows) or some sort of interprocess communication for user space window managers (like X). To … Read more
Short Answer: Your asd array is declared as this: int *asd=new int[16]; Therefore, use int as the return type rather than bool. Alternatively, change the array type to bool. In any case, make the return type of the test function match the type of the array. Skip to bottom for more details. Long Answer: In … Read more
I assume atomic_swap(lockaddr, 1) gets translated to a xchg reg,mem instruction and atomic_compare_and_swap(lockaddr, 0, val) gets translated to a cmpxchg[8b|16b]. Some linux kernel developers think cmpxchg ist faster, because the lock prefix isn’t implied as with xchg. So if you are on a uniprocessor, multithread or can otherwise make sure the lock isn’t needed, you … Read more
From the nasm documentation: The SECTION directive (SEGMENT is an exactly equivalent synonym) Nasm can produce output in various formats, some of which support sections. Certain section names can be arbitrary (such as the three you listed), for them only the section flags count. The predefined ones are just convenience shortcuts, .text is marked as … Read more
mcsema is a production-quality binary lifter. It takes x86 and x86-64 and statically “lifts” it to LLVM IR. It’s actively maintained, BSD licensed, and has extensive tests and documentation. https://github.com/trailofbits/mcsema
Have you tried int 21h service 2? DL is the character to print. mov dl,’A’ ; print ‘A’ mov ah,2 int 21h To print the integer value, you’ll have to write a loop to decompose the integer to individual characters. If you’re okay with printing the value in hex, this is pretty trivial. If you … Read more
The memory barriers present on the x86 architecture – but this is true in general – not only guarantee that all the previous1 loads, or stores, are completed before any subsequent load or store is executed – they also guarantee that the stores have became globally visible. By globally visible it is meant that other … Read more
If you’re doing assembly programming under Windows you don’t do manual syscalls. You use NTDLL and the Native API to do that for you. The Native API is simply a wrapper around the kernelmode side of things. All it does is perform a syscall for the correct API. You should NEVER need to manually syscall … Read more
“H” for “Hexadecimal”, base 16. 0009H = 9 decimal, 000AH = 10 decimal, 000FH = 15 decimal, 0010H = 16, 0020H = 32 et cetera.
I think everyone is giving you the same answer. Instruction set is is the set (as in math) of all instructions the processor can execute or understand. Assembly language is a programming language. Let me try some examples based on some of the questions you are asking. And I am going to be jumping around … Read more