You are simply reducing the values from a number. So substracting 6 from 3 (date) will return -3 only.
You need to individually add/remove unit of time in date object
var date = new Date();
date.setDate( date.getDate() - 6 );
date.setFullYear( date.getFullYear() - 1 );
$("#searchDateFrom").val((date.getMonth() ) + "https://stackoverflow.com/" + (date.getDate()) + "https://stackoverflow.com/" + (date.getFullYear()));