You have to give your form elements names!
This is independent of jQuery. Every form element must have a name to be considered for form submission as successful control:
A successful control is “valid” for submission. Every successful control has its control name paired with its current value as part of the submitted form data set. A successful control must be defined within a
FORMelement and must have a control name.
jQuery just ignores those elements that don’t have a name (or, depending on how it gets the elements, it might not even see them as the form itself has no reference to them).