Telegram recently released their new Bot API which makes sending/receiving messages trivial. I suggest you also take a look at that and see if it fits your needs, it beats wrapping the client library or integrating with their MTProto API.
import urllib
import urllib2
# Generate a bot ID here: https://core.telegram.org/bots#botfather
bot_id = "{YOUR_BOT_ID}"
# Request latest messages
result = urllib2.urlopen("https://api.telegram.org/bot" + bot_id + "/getUpdates").read()
print result
# Send a message to a chat room (chat room ID retrieved from getUpdates)
result = urllib2.urlopen("https://api.telegram.org/bot" + bot_id + "/sendMessage", urllib.urlencode({ "chat_id": 0, "text": 'my message' })).read()
print result
Unfortunately I haven’t seen any Python libraries you can interact directly with, but here is a NodeJS equivalent I worked on for reference.