On Windows 10, the history and sensitive data show up again in future sessions, even after Alt+F7 and clear-history. It turns out the history is stored in a text file found at:
(Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath
Delete the offending line from that file and end the current session (or clear it via CB’s answer).
You can upvote this request for an easier way to temporarily disable the history.