In PostgreSQL, ALTER TABLE can take a series of operations. So:
ALTER TABLE <tablename> RENAME <oldcolumn> TO <newcolumn>;
ALTER TABLE <tablename> ALTER COLUMN <columnname> TYPE <newtype>;
is the same as
ALTER TABLE <tablename>
ALTER COLUMN <columnname> TYPE <newtype>
RENAME <oldcolumn> TO <newcolumn>;
However… why? IIRC the rename won’t cause a full-table scan, so there’s no benefit over just doing the two statements separately, within one transaction. What problem are you actually trying to solve with this?