No, pipenv does not support a minimum python version. Per pipenv issue 1050 feature request on Sep 5, 2018, the pipenv authors have explicitly chosen not to implement it:
This is not
planned as a feature, not a bug, etc. it is a conscious choice to not
pursue it, not simply ‘because it is hard’, but because we chose not
to pursue it… we have thought about
the implications of this decision. We have no plans to change it.
Note that you can specify:
python_version = "3"
to allow any version of Python 3. Not exactly what you asked for, but it might be sufficient for some projects.