The trick is to give padding on the td elements, but make an exception for the first (yes, it’s hacky, but sometimes you have to play by the browser’s rules):
td {
padding-top:20px;
padding-bottom:20px;
padding-right:20px;
}
td:first-child {
padding-left:20px;
padding-right:0;
}
First-child is relatively well supported: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/:first-child
You can use the same reasoning for the horizontal padding by using tr:first-child td.
Alternatively, exclude the first column by using the not operator. Support for this is not as good right now, though.
td:not(:first-child) {
padding-top:20px;
padding-bottom:20px;
padding-right:20px;
}