The debug output shows this:
[DEBUG] (s) skip = true
which not only skips running the tests, it will also skip compiling them. Check the parent POM (directly referenced by this POM, also any corporate POMs or super POMs introduced by Arquillian) to see where this flag is being set, if you’re curious.
The fix is to add
<skip>false</skip>
to the surefire plugin config in this module, or add
-Dmaven.test.skip=false
to your command line.
Reference