Use like and not like with % in where() and orWhere() methods:
->where('column', 'like', '%pattern%')
https://laravel.com/docs/5.3/queries#where-clauses
If you need to use multiple AND do like this:
->where($condition)
->where($anotherCondition)
If you want to use OR do this:
->where($condition)
->orWhere($anotherCondition)
To combine multiple AND and OR do parameter grouping:
->where('name', '=', 'John')
->orWhere(function ($query) {
$query->where('votes', '>', 100)
->where('title', '<>', 'Admin');
})