For getting a list of all the resource types and their latest supported version, run the following:
for kind in `kubectl api-resources | tail +2 | awk '{ print $1 }'`; do kubectl explain $kind; done | grep -e "KIND:" -e "VERSION:"
It should produce output like
KIND: Binding
VERSION: v1
KIND: ComponentStatus
VERSION: v1
KIND: ConfigMap
VERSION: v1
KIND: Endpoints
VERSION: v1
KIND: Event
VERSION: v1
...
As @Rico mentioned, they key is in the kubectl explain command. This may be a little fragile since it depends on the format of the printed output, but it works for kubernetes 1.9.6
Also, the information can be gathered in a less efficient way from the kubernetes API docs (with links for each version) found here – https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/#api-reference