Although the question is already answered, here are my two cents:
enum Colour {
white = 0,
pink,
yellow,
blue,
colorsCount // since we count from 0, this number will be blue+1 and will be actual 'colors count'
} Colour;
for (int i = 0; i < colorsCount; ++i)
someFunc((Colour)i);
I guess it’s not that bad and is pretty close to the fast enumeration you want.