Insert record only if record does not already exist in table

You don’t say what version of SQL Server. If SQL Server 2008 you can use MERGE

NB: It is usual to use Merge for an Upsert which is what I originally thought the question was asking but it is valid without the WHEN MATCHED clause and just with a WHEN NOT MATCHED clause so does work for this case also. Example Usage.

CREATE TABLE #A(
 [id] [int] NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,
 [C] [varchar](200) NOT NULL)


    MERGE #A AS target
    USING (SELECT 3, 'C') AS source (id, C)
    ON (target.id = source.id)
    /*Uncomment for Upsert Semantics
       WHEN MATCHED THEN 
        UPDATE SET C = source.C */
    WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN    
        INSERT (id, C)
        VALUES (source.id, source.C);

In terms of execution costs the two look roughly equal when an Insert is to be done…

Link to plan images for first run

but on the second run when there is no insert to be done Matthew’s answer looks lower cost. I’m not sure if there is a way of improving this.

Link to plan images for second run

Test Script

select * 
into #testtable
from master.dbo.spt_values

CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX [ix] ON #testtable([type] ASC,[number] ASC,[name] ASC)


declare @name nvarchar(35)= 'zzz'
declare @number int = 50
declare @type nchar(3) = 'A'
declare @low int
declare @high int
declare @status int = 0;



MERGE #testtable AS target
USING (SELECT @name, @number, @type, @low, @high, @status) AS source (name, number, [type], low, high, [status])
ON (target.[type] = source.[type] AND target.[number] = source.[number] and target.[name] = source.[name] )
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN    
INSERT (name, number, [type], low, high, [status])
VALUES (source.name, source.number, source.[type], source.low, source.high, source.[status]);

set @name="yyy"

IF NOT EXISTS 
    (SELECT *
    FROM #testtable
    WHERE [type] = @type AND [number] = @number and name = @name)
    BEGIN
INSERT INTO #testtable
(name, number, [type], low, high, [status])
VALUES (@name, @number, @type, @low, @high, @status);
END