For an application installed through TestFlight Beta the receipt file is named StoreKit/sandboxReceipt vs the usual StoreKit/receipt. Using [NSBundle appStoreReceiptURL] you can look for sandboxReceipt at the end of the URL.
NSURL *receiptURL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] appStoreReceiptURL];
NSString *receiptURLString = [receiptURL path];
BOOL isRunningTestFlightBeta = ([receiptURLString rangeOfString:@"sandboxReceipt"].location != NSNotFound);
Note that sandboxReceipt is also the name of the receipt file when running builds locally and for builds run in the simulator.
Swift Version:
let isTestFlight = Bundle.main.appStoreReceiptURL?.lastPathComponent == "sandboxReceipt"