Example:
git tag -a v1.2 9fceb02 -m "Message here"
Where 9fceb02 is the beginning part of the commit id.
You can then push the tag using git push origin v1.2.
You can do git log to show all the commit id’s in your current branch.
There is also a good chapter on tagging in the Pro Git book.
Warning: This creates tags with the current date (and that value is what will show on a GitHub releases page, for example). If you want the tag to be dated with the commit date, please look at another answer.