Simply set additional spans. They are going to overlap/merge when neccessary. This code works for me:
final SpannableString text = new SpannableString("Hello stackOverflow");
text.setSpan(new RelativeSizeSpan(1.5f), text.length() - "stackOverflow".length(), text.length(),
Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
text.setSpan(new ForegroundColorSpan(Color.RED), 3, text.length() - 3, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
tv.setText(text);