How to run a Python program with arguments from within Visual Studio Code?

You can pass in the arguments into the program by defining the arguments in the args setting of launch.json as defined below:

json
{
    "name": "Python",
    "type": "python",
    "pythonPath":"${config.python.pythonPath}", 
    "request": "launch",
    "stopOnEntry": true,
    "console": "none",
    "program": "${file}",
    "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
    "args":["arg1", "arg2"],
    "env": {"name":"value"}
}

Further information can be found on the documentation site here: https://github.com/DonJayamanne/pythonVSCode/wiki/Debugging#args