Template literals may solve your issue as it will allow writing multi-line strings and string interpolation features. You can use variables or expression inside string (as given below). It’s easy to insert bulk html in a reader friendly way.
I have modified the example given in question and please see it below. I am not sure how much browser compatible Template literals are. Please read about Template literals here.
var a = 1, b = 2;
var div = document.createElement('div');
div.setAttribute('class', 'post block bc2');
div.innerHTML = `
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">${a}</div>
<div class="child">+</div>
<div class="child">${b}</div>
<div class="child">=</div>
<div class="child">${a + b}</div>
</div>
`;
document.getElementById('posts').appendChild(div);
.parent {
background-color: blue;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.post div {
color: white;
font-size: 2.5em;
padding: 20px;
}
<div id="posts"></div>