I had the same problem, I run two scripts then my problem is solved.
Try this:
In this query you can get user schema as a result for AdventureWorks
database:
USE AdventureWorks;
SELECT s.name
FROM sys.schemas s
WHERE s.principal_id = USER_ID('your username');
after take schema name you can alter authorization on schema like this:
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::db_owner TO dbo;
in this query db_owner
schema name that get from first query.
finally you can delete user without error.
my source: SQL SERVER – Fix: Error: 15138