======= UPDATED 2016-05-31 =======
I made a tiny PHP script to get download links from a Google Fonts CSS import URL like: https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400,700|Slabo+27px|Lato:400,300italic,900italic
You can use this tool here: http://nikoskip.me/gfonts.php
For instance, if you use the above import URL, you will get this:

I got tired about updating this answer on each new release of Chrome, because they always change the way you can spoof the User Agent string, so please use this script instead.
======= OLD SOLUTION =======
Using DevTools from Chrome you can override the User Agent.
How to:
- Get the font that you need at Google Fonts page.
- You will get an URL to import in your CSS, like: http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Cabin:500,700,500italic,700italic
- Open that URL in your browser and you will see the full URL where you can actually download the font.
- Go to Developer Tools (F12) and press ESC
- Select “Emulation” tab and then click on “Network” sub-tab
- Finally on
Spoof user agentselect IE9 for EOT format, Android 4 for TTF and this UA String for SVG:Mozilla/4.0 (iPad; CPU OS 4_0_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.1 Mobile/9A405 Safari/7534.48.3(thanks anonymous)