How to change a table name using an SQL query?

Use sp_rename:

EXEC sp_rename 'Stu_Table', 'Stu_Table_10'

You can find documentation on this procedure on MSDN.

If you need to include a schema name, this can only be included in the first parameter (that is, this cannot be used to move a table from one schema to another). So, for example, this is valid:

EXEC sp_rename 'myschema.Stu_Table', 'Stu_Table_10'