How can I run a Windows executable from WSL (Ubuntu) Bash

Question

In the Windows 10 Creators Update (build 1703, April 2017), this is natively supported. So you can now run Windows binaries from Linux…

notepad.exe or any other .exe (the extension is needed and it needs being on your path, some older versions need the whole path)

…and vice versa using one of the following:

bash.exe -c command_to_run i.e: bash.exe -c ls
bash -c command_to_run i.e: bash -c ls
wsl command_to_run i.e: wsl "ls"; or specify the distro you want to use to run it using:
- ubuntu run ls

For more information, see the above linked article.