How can I know what image format I get from a stream?

You may checkout the Image.RawFormat property. So once you load the image from the stream you could test:

if (ImageFormat.Jpeg.Equals(image.RawFormat))
{
    // JPEG
}
else if (ImageFormat.Png.Equals(image.RawFormat))
{
    // PNG
}
else if (ImageFormat.Gif.Equals(image.RawFormat))
{
    // GIF
}
... etc