How can I identify uppercase and lowercase characters in a string with swift?

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I am not sure what you mean by trying to avoid C functions. I hope this does not include avoiding the frameworks and foundational libraries that OS X and iOS offer you when developing an app, like, for instance, the NSCharacterSet class which provides exactly what you need in a Unicode compatible implementation.

To expand on Matt’s answer, bringing it a little closer to your question’s requirements:

import UIKit

let testString = "Åke röstet un café in Владивосток!"
let lowerCase = NSCharacterSet.lowercaseLetterCharacterSet()
let upperCase = NSCharacterSet.uppercaseLetterCharacterSet()

for currentCharacter in testString.utf16 {
  if lowerCase.characterIsMember(currentCharacter) {
    println("Character code \(currentCharacter) is lowercase.")
  } else if upperCase.characterIsMember(currentCharacter) {
    println("Character code \(currentCharacter) is UPPERCASE.")
  } else {
    println("Character code \(currentCharacter) is neither upper- nor lowercase.")
  }
}

Swift 3

let testString = "Åke röstet un café in Владивосток!"
let lowerCase = CharacterSet.lowercaseLetters
let upperCase = CharacterSet.uppercaseLetters

for currentCharacter in testString.unicodeScalars {
    if lowerCase.contains(currentCharacter) {
        print("Character code \(currentCharacter) is lowercase.")
    } else if upperCase.contains(currentCharacter) {
        print("Character code \(currentCharacter) is UPPERCASE.")
    } else {
        print("Character code \(currentCharacter) is neither upper- nor lowercase.")
    }
}

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