Even more simple, pass the $event object to ng-click to access the event properties. As an example:
<a ng-click="clickEvent($event)" class="exampleClass" id="exampleID" data="exampleData" href="">Click Me</a>
Within your clickEvent() = function(obj) {} function you can access the data value like this:
var dataValue = obj.target.attributes.data.value;
Which would return exampleData.
Here’s a full jsFiddle.