I was suffering from the same issue for one of our applications and could not find a solution. So I created the user and custom controls manually. After searching the web again I finally found why the designer is failing for this particular project. The answer is that project is 64 bit and Visual Studio is still does not have a 64 bit version, it is still 32 bit. So the designer could not load the controls in 64 bit applications or in class libraries. Read Microsoft’s article about this.
There was an article on Visual Studio web site but it was removed. See the the answer in Visual Studio support forum.
https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/77e10b58-43cc-4aab-919f-888f14f99571/x64-class-library-of-user-controls?forum=csharpgeneral