You can use the keyBy method:
$roles = Role::all()->keyBy('name');
If you’re not using Eloquent, you can create a collection on your own:
$roles = collect(DB::table('roles')->get())->keyBy('name');
If you’re using Laravel 5.3+, the query builder now actually returns a collection, so there’s no need to manually wrap it in a collection again:
$roles = DB::table('roles')->get()->keyBy('name');