UPDATE

you can now install goinside command line tool with:

sudo npm install -g goinside

and go inside a docker container with a proper terminal size with:

goinside docker_container_name

Logic behind goinside

thanks to @VonC answer we’ve got a solution for this problem with a simple bash snippet that we put in ~/.profile:

goinside(){
    docker exec -it $1 bash -c "stty cols $COLUMNS rows $LINES && bash";
}
export -f goinside

now you are able to get inside a docker container without terminal size issues with:

$ goinside containername


remember to source ~/.profile before using the goinside function.

enabling autocompletion in bash

(as it’s shared in one of comments below) if you want to enable autocompletion for goinside you can use this snippet in .profile:

goinside(){
    docker exec -it $1 bash -c "stty cols $COLUMNS rows $LINES && bash";
}
_goinside(){
    COMPREPLY=( $(docker ps --format "{{.Names}}" -f name=$2) );
}
complete -F _goinside goinside;
export -f goinside;

enabling autocompletion in zsh

if you are using zsh as your default terminal you can use this snippet inside your ~/.zshrc file:

autoload bashcompinit
bashcompinit
goinside(){
    docker exec -it $1 bash -c "stty cols $COLUMNS rows $LINES && bash";
}
_goinside(){
    COMPREPLY=( $(docker ps --format "{{.Names}}" -f name=$2) );
}
complete -F _goinside goinside;
export goinside;