It’s easiest to just look at what the three different ES6 import/export styles compile down to in CommonJS.
// Three different export styles
export foo;
export default foo;
export = foo;
// The three matching import styles
import {foo} from 'blah';
import foo from 'blah';
import * as foo from 'blah';
Roughly compiles to:
exports.foo = foo;
exports['default'] = foo;
module.exports = foo;
var foo = require('blah').foo;
var foo = require('blah')['default'];
var foo = require('blah');
(Actual compiler output may differ)