Delete entities without loading them into memory

If you are sure the all Ids exist in the database and context does not contain (is not tracking) other entities with the same keys, you can use simple fake (stub) entities:

_context.RemoveRange(ids.Select(id => new File { Id = id }));

To avoid problem with non existing ids, you can get the existing ids from the database:

var existingIds = _context.Files.Where(f => ids.Contains(f.Id)).Select(f => f.Id).ToList();

_context.RemoveRange(existingIds.Select(id => new File { Id = id }));

To avoid tracking entity problem, you can use the FindTracked custom extension method from my answer to Delete loaded and unloaded objects by ID in EntityFrameworkCore and combine it with any of the above.

var existingIds = _context.Files.Where(f => ids.Contains(f.Id)).Select(f => f.Id).ToList();

_context.RemoveRange(
    existingIds.Select(id => _context.FindTracked(id) ?? new File { Id = id }));