language-agnostic

What are bitwise shift (bit-shift) operators and how do they work?

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The bit shifting operators do exactly what their name implies. They shift bits. Here’s a brief (or not-so-brief) introduction to the different shift operators. The Operators >> is the arithmetic (or signed) right shift operator. >>> is the logical (or unsigned) right shift operator. << is the left shift operator, and meets the needs of … Read more

Prefer composition over inheritance?

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Prefer composition over inheritance as it is more malleable / easy to modify later, but do not use a compose-always approach. With composition, it’s easy to change behavior on the fly with Dependency Injection / Setters. Inheritance is more rigid as most languages do not allow you to derive from more than one type. So … Read more