C++11: Why is private member template accessible outside class?

This is definitely a compiler bug, and actually one that has been known for quite some time: GCC #47346 (first reported in Jan 2011) and Clang #15914 (first reported May 2013). Your __tklass is clearly private, and the template alias is not marked friend, so this should be a simple access error.

The simplest reproduction is from the Clang example attachment, this version compiles on both gcc 4.9.2 and clang 3.5.0, though should definitely compile on neither:

class A
{
  class B {};
};

template<typename>
using T = A::B;

T<void> t;

Clang is strictly better than GCC on this front however, as this particular bug seems to occur only with template aliases. A “workaround” (if you need such a thing for cases that the compiler allows incorrectly…) would be to revert back to pre-C++11 template aliasing:

template <typename>
struct T {
    using type = A::B;
};

T<void>::type t;

That code correctly fails to compile with clang (error: ‘B’ is a private member of ‘A’), but still compiles fine with gcc.