This code “div.test th, td, caption {padding:40px 100px 40px 50px;}” applies a rule to all th elements which are contained by a div element with a class named test, in addition to all td elements and all caption elements.
It is not the same as “all td, th and caption elements which are contained by a div element with a class of test“. To accomplish that you need to change your selectors:
‘>‘ isn’t fully supported by some older browsers (I’m looking at you, Internet Explorer).
div.test th,
div.test td,
div.test caption {
padding: 40px 100px 40px 50px;
}