You don’t need to turn on file sharing in the app to get this, you can get the data for any app you’ve built via Xcode’s devices window.
In recent versions of Xcode (8 and up, I think), open this with Window menu –> Devices. Find the device in the device list and look at the installed apps list for the device. Each app that you’ve built and installed on the device will be listed (and maybe some others). Select your app and click the gear menu below the list. Clicking the “Download” item on the pop-up menu will enable you to copy the app’s documents, library, and other directories to your Mac.
NB: This will download an .xcappdata file. Right-clicking on that and selecting “Show Package Contents” will allow you to drill down to the actual sqlite file.