You can create a new set of styles to use which have the same properties as Theme.Translucent from themes.xml.
Add the following to your styles.xml file:
<style name="Theme.AppCompat.Translucent">
<item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
<item name="android:windowBackground">@android:color/transparent</item>
<item name="android:colorBackgroundCacheHint">@null</item>
<item name="android:windowIsTranslucent">true</item>
<item name="android:windowAnimationStyle">@android:style/Animation</item>
</style>
You can change the prefix Theme.AppCompat to something else if you want to inherit other things from the theme such as dialog styles etc. For example, a name like Theme.AppCompat.Light.Translucent would have the properties of the Light theme.
To use the new style, set the theme property to @style/Theme.AppCompat.Translucent
<activity
android:name=".TranslucentActivity"
android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Translucent" >
</activity>