Try using searchView.setIconified(false). This worked for me:
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
SearchView searchView = new SearchView(this);
actionBar.setCustomView(searchView);
actionBar.setDisplayOptions(ActionBar.DISPLAY_SHOW_CUSTOM);
searchView.setQuery("test",true);
searchView.setFocusable(true);
searchView.setIconified(false);
searchView.requestFocusFromTouch();
}