In a git merge conflict, what are the BACKUP, BASE, LOCAL, and REMOTE files that are generated?

Git performs a three-way merge, finding the common ancestor (aka “merge base”) of the two branches you are merging. When you invoke git mergetool on a conflict, it will produce these files suitable for feeding into a typical 3-way merge tool. Thus:

• foo.LOCAL: the “ours” side of the conflict – ie, your branch (HEAD) that will contain the results of the merge
• foo.REMOTE: the “theirs” side of the conflict – the branch you are merging into HEAD
• foo.BASE: the common ancestor. useful for feeding into a three-way merge tool
• foo.BACKUP: the contents of file before invoking the merge tool, will be kept on the filesystem if mergetool.keepBackup = true.