Solution to this problem was to upgrade docker from version 18.06.1-ce to 20.10.7.
Why?
This is because the default seccomp profile of Docker 20.10.9 is not adjusted to support the clone() syscall wrapper of glibc 2.34 adopted in Ubuntu 21.10 and Fedora 35.
Source: ubuntu:21.10 and fedora:35 do not work on the latest Docker (20.10.9)