Is there any way to continue Git clone from the point where it failed?

Unfortunately this cannot be done. See

• Continue interrupted git clone

  No. git clone cannot be restarted. You’ll need to rm -rf common, and then restart then clone from the beginning.

• Continue git clone after interruption

  Unfortunately, we did not have enough GSoC slots for the project to allow
  restartable clones.

  There were discussions about how to implement this on the list, though.

  Unfortunately, those of us who know how the native protocol works
  can’t come to an agreement on how it might be restartable. If you
  really read the archives on this topic, you’ll see that Nico and I
  disagree about how to do this. IIRC Nico’s position is, it isn’t
  really possible to implement a restart.

You have to restart the clone.