Do React hooks need to return a value?

Yes, your approach is correct. React hooks are not required to return anything. The React documentation states that:

We don’t have to return a named function from the effect. We called it
cleanup here to clarify its purpose, but you could return an arrow
function or call it something different.

The return value of a function that is passed as an argument to a hook has a special use in the lifecycle of the React component it belongs to. Essentially, that return value is expected to be a function and executes before the component with the hook re-renders or is unmounted. React documentation call this kind of hook an “effect with cleanup.”

The React documentation uses the example below to show what a useEffect hook looks like:

const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

// Similar to componentDidMount and componentDidUpdate:
useEffect(() => {
  // Update the document title using the browser API
  document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`;
});

As you can see, the anonymous function that is used as an argument to useEffect does not have a return statement.

You can verify this by changing the function a little bit to log the return value:

const count = 0;

const a = () => {
  // Update the document title using the browser API
  document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`;
}

console.log(a());

This prints undefined.

You can also use console.log on the useEffect function to see that it also returns undefined.

If you changed the hook to this:

useEffect(() => {
  // Update the document title using the browser API
  document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`;
  return () => {
    console.log('cleanup');
  }
});

You would see the "cleanup" message every time the component re-renders or is unmounted. You would have to trigger the re-render by updating the state of the component in some way.